John Steinbeck’s seminal work, Of Mice and Men, a staple of English Literature curricula for decades, has been removed from the GCSE syllabus in Wales, sparking debate about censorship, safeguarding, and representation in education. The decision, made by the Welsh Joint Education Committee (WJEC), stems from concerns over the novel’s portrayal of racism and its potential to cause distress to students, particularly Black students, who have voiced feeling harmed by classroom discussions surrounding the text. While proponents of the removal emphasize the importance of student wellbeing and creating an inclusive learning environment, others express concerns about limiting exposure to classic literature and the potential loss of valuable learning opportunities.
The controversy centers on the novel’s use of racial slurs and the depiction of Crooks, the Black stable hand, who experiences isolation and discrimination due to his race. Critics argue that the book’s portrayal of Crooks reinforces negative stereotypes and that classroom discussions, even when conducted sensitively, can be deeply uncomfortable and hurtful for Black students, who may feel singled out or further marginalized. The decision to remove Of Mice and Men is supported by Wales’ children’s commissioner, Rocío Cifuentes, who asserts that the move prioritizes the wellbeing of students who have expressed feeling negatively impacted by the text. Cifuentes emphasizes that this isn’t censorship but rather a safeguarding measure.
While acknowledging the importance of addressing racism and promoting inclusivity, some educators and literary enthusiasts express reservations about removing Of Mice and Men from the curriculum. They argue that the novel, despite its difficult themes, offers valuable opportunities for students to engage with complex social issues, examine historical contexts, and develop critical thinking skills. The book’s accessibility, appealing to students of varying reading levels, and its ability to spark discussions about societal injustices are also cited as reasons for its continued inclusion in the curriculum. Some teachers argue that with careful facilitation and contextualization, the novel can be used as a tool to promote empathy, understanding, and critical analysis of prejudice.
The WJEC’s decision to remove Of Mice and Men is part of a broader curriculum reform that merges English language and literature into one GCSE. This reform also includes a review of other texts to ensure they reflect a "modern and inclusive Wales." The WJEC has consulted with an anti-racism consultant to guide the selection of appropriate and diverse texts. This broader context suggests a move towards a more representative and inclusive curriculum that considers the lived experiences and sensitivities of all students. The WJEC aims to offer a range of texts that explore diverse themes and resonate with learners from various backgrounds.
The case of Of Mice and Men highlights the ongoing tension between preserving literary canons and ensuring educational materials are inclusive and sensitive to student wellbeing. The debate raises complex questions about the role of literature in education, the responsibility of educators to create safe learning spaces, and the challenges of addressing potentially harmful content in a constructive and meaningful way. Striking a balance between exposing students to diverse perspectives and protecting them from emotional distress remains a central challenge in curriculum development.
Ultimately, the removal of Of Mice and Men from the GCSE syllabus in Wales prompts a broader discussion about representation and inclusivity in education. While the novel has held a prominent place in the curriculum for years, the changing social landscape and growing awareness of the impact of potentially harmful content necessitate a re-evaluation of educational materials. The decision underscores the need for curricula that reflect the diversity of the student population and prioritize their wellbeing while still providing opportunities for engaging with complex social issues and developing critical thinking skills. Finding suitable replacements that offer similar learning opportunities while addressing the concerns raised about Of Mice and Men will be crucial in ensuring a rich and meaningful learning experience for all students.
