Tuberculosis is on the rise in England, with cases increasing by more than 11% last year according to the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA). Referred to as a “medieval disease,” TB is a highly infectious bug that is now being considered a serious public health issue in the country. London has the highest infection rates in the UK, with most cases occurring in individuals born outside the UK, particularly in countries where TB is more prevalent, such as India, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Romania. Health officials are urging anyone with a persistent cough and fever, especially those at higher risk, not to ignore their symptoms and to consult with a GP if they suspect they may be at risk.
Globally, TB remains a significant threat, with 10.8 million people diagnosed with the disease in 2023. With 1.25 million fatalities that year, TB is considered the world’s most deadly infectious disease, surpassing Covid and HIV. The World Health Organization (WHO) has attributed this spike in cases to disruptions in diagnosis and treatment during the Covid lockdowns. A separate report highlighted a three percent increase in drug-resistant TB cases between 2020 and 2021, indicating the growing concern surrounding the spread of the disease.
Carrianne Franks, a 30-year-old nurse, tragically passed away from TB in 2020 after contracting the disease while volunteering in an NHS hospital. Her case underscored the importance of early detection and diagnosis, as delayed recognition of TB can lead to severe consequences. TB, also known as consumption, primarily affects the lungs and is transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or spits. Key symptoms to watch out for include a persistent cough, weight loss, night sweats, high fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, and swellings that do not resolve after a few weeks.
Certain groups are at higher risk of contracting TB, including those in close contact with infected individuals, travelers to high TB rate areas, homeless individuals, drug users, those with weakened immune systems, and individuals in prison. While TB can be life-threatening, it is generally treatable with antibiotics. In severe cases, the infection can spread to other parts of the body, such as the brain, heart, abdomen, glands, bones, and nervous system. Although a vaccine exists to protect against TB, vaccination programs have been discontinued in many countries, including the UK, over the past two decades.
It is crucial for individuals to be vigilant about their health and not dismiss symptoms of TB, especially in the current context of the Covid pandemic. With the resurgence of TB in the UK and globally, awareness, early detection, and timely treatment are essential in combating the spread of this deadly infectious disease. Health officials are stressing the importance of seeking medical attention if experiencing symptoms of TB, as early intervention can significantly impact the outcome and prevent severe complications associated with the disease.
